In pictures: 100 Russian artists to know absolutely

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1.Collective AES+F

Collective of artists very popular today, AES+F makes exhibitions all over the world.Tatiana Arzamassova, Lev Ievzovitch, Evgueni Sviatski and Vladimir Fridkes' multimedia projects and installations mainly analyze the global values and make an analysis of modern values.

Their inverto mundus inverted video installation (Latin for "reverse world") made its first at the Biennale de Venice and continues to go around museums around the world.

2.Ivan Aïvazovski

No one paints the sea like Ivan!The painter Aïvazovski, a very prolific artist, created more than 6000 marine landscapes.Art historians and art critics speak of the Black Sea as his mistress work, the result of a long career.

3.Iouri Albert

The works ofIouri Albert comprising text often end up becoming memes.At theMoscowMuseum ofModern Art, his retrospective What did the artist mean there?.You now understand what kind of type it is.At 15, this conceptual artist found himself in the workshop of Komar andMalamid, under the influence of which he will begin to rethink the essence of modern art.

Albert's trademark?Take a famous work, modify it and make it their own, all ending up creating controversy.We can notably cite a historical series where the artist compares himself not without irony to internationally renowned artists.

4.Léon BAKST

The European success of the company created by Serge de Diaghilev, the Russian seasons, is largely due to Bakst.The drawings of the costumes and sets for the production of the Russian ballets alone made sensations: they ended up exposed to the Louvre, and the orientalist style of Bakst launched in Paris fashion of turbans, wide pants and colored wigs.

5.Andreï Bartenev

This eccentric artist has made a name for himself in the 1990s..

Since that time, he has become one of the "masters of extravagance", a party alone and a traveling performance: Bartenev stands out thanks to his whimsical costumes in bright colors, which allow him toExplore the world and rethink everyday little things.

6.Ely Bieloutine

The avant-garde Bieloutine was renowned for his experimentation and his mystification.He set up his studio inMoscow and founded his own "new reality" school, which more than 3000 painters have integrated.In 1962, these artists were exhibited at theMoscowManège.

The secretary general of the Communist Party Nikita Khrushchev then visited the exhibition, but hated her, calling her as a "mess".After this misadventure, the movement was banished and Bieloutine will live like a recluse, hiding his works to Perestroika.

7.Victor Borissov-Moussatov

At the turn of the 20th century, the symbolist Borissov-Moussatov specialized in the painting of old dilapidated mansions, outdoor receptions and members of the Russian nobility.It is often called a representative of the age of money trying to grasp the last echoes of an era soon over.

The basin marks the beginning of his gratitude as a symbolist artist: the painting depicts his sister and his fiancée seated on the edge of a country house basin.This canvas will be his wedding gift to his wife, as well as his first success.

8.Karl Brioullov

Brioullov is one of the best portrait painters of his time.He made both official portraits and private portraits of the Russian aristocracy, being invited to imperial receptions and knowing Alexandre Pouchkine.

Nevertheless, this worldly life only started after spending twelve years in Italy, including six working on his monumental work on the last day of Pompeii, for which he will receive the great gold medal from the Painting and Sculpture Salonfrom Paris and legitimization in Europe and Asia.

9.Vladimir Borovikovski

He painted the Russian aristocracy, as well as the emperor himself, but especially made himself known for his portraits of young girls, exhibited at the Tretiakov gallery ofMoscow, but also in the Louvre, in Paris.Borovikovski's distinctive line is to have been able to represent the sensuality of his models wonderfully.

10.Grisha Bruskine

During the Soviet era, his work was rejected and will only be recognized from the Perestroika.In 1988, Sotheby’s organized a single auction in the USSR, where the Fundamental Lexicon was sold to a Russian collector at a record price of € 373,000 (followed by a KGB interrogation).A few weeks later, Bruskine settled in the USA and her work was exposed in the biggest museums in the world.

11.David Bourliouk

Bourliouk is known as the "father of Russian futurism" both in Russia and abroad, especially in NewYork.He settled there in 1922 and attended the prosoviet circles.Bourliouk promoted futurism and cubism by all means: publication of a magazine, printing of brochures, writing poems and criticism, and painting.

His table portrait of my unclelui gave real success and aroused the interest of a potential buyer in almost all the cities of the country.This painting is a manifesto of Cubo-Futurism."The artist quickly created [the portrait] in a hotel, by sticking out of presses in order to form a face with delirious angles, three eyes, two noses, etc.," recalls his friend and artist evgueni Spasski.

12.Erik Boulatov

Boulatov is one of the founders of Suts Art, with Komar andMelamid.His solo exhibitions are organized in major museums and galleries.

"Space is freedom," said Boulatov.Clean, glory at the PCUS is a Soviet slogan on a background of blue sky.In figuratively, it is freedom that finds its way out of the prison of the ideology of the party.

13.Marc Chagall

One of the leaders of the Russian avant-garde,Marc Chagall had a unique and inimitable style.His most famous work portrays the only things that accompanied him at that time in his life: he, his wife, the inspiration of a lifetime, Bella, and the houses of his hometown, Visbsk.

14.Olga Chernycheva

Chernycheva is one of the most popular contemporary Russian artists.Her paintings, videos, graphic works and photos were presented for several years in a row to the Venice Biennale and are exhibited from Vienna to Newyork.

It has never been attracted to monumentality and prefer small objects of daily life, such as a song in the metro or homeless people who sleep on a bench.Assembled with each other, these everyday scenes create a very intimate whole of Russia today.

15.Ivan Chuikov

Another hero of the underground artistic scene of the USSR, Chuikov was fascinated by the combination of illusion to reality;Two styles, two languages.Take this Roman profile of his window series…, we can recognize the portrait of Federico deMontefeltro executed by Piero Della Francesca.However, for Chuikov, it is only a silhouette and a red dot.What is it ultimately?The sun?A laser pointed at a classic work ridiculed by post-modernism?You are free to interpret according to your good will.

You can find the works of Chuikov at the Center Pompidou, at the ZimmerliMuseum of Art, the RussianMuseum and the Tretiakov Gallery.

16.Alexandre Deïneka

This emblematic figure of the official art of the Soviet Union was a pillar of socialist realism and celebrated health, sport, work and new Soviet way of life.He has perfect his style to the height: strong and powerful women and men, who tirelessly, smile on his lips, defend cities, work in factories and glorify the party.

The contemporaries of Deïneka either the idolatro or hated him: when he painted heroism in the name of communism, others saw the absence of choice, because these utopian canvases did not coincide with the context of poverty of mass poverty.

17. Elena Elaguina et IgorMakarevitch

ThisMoscow conceptual duo is already a living legend in the world of contemporary art.He creates social utopias with fictitious characters.

One of their most demanding projects, Homo Lignum, is still being created.He tells the story of a discreet accountant, Nikolai Ivanovitch Borissov, who experiences unleashed desire to become a tree.

18.Alexandra Exter

EXTER is one of the "avant-garde amazons" and is present at all the major exhibitions of the beginning of the 20th century.In 1907, she left for Paris and became friends with Pablo Picasso, Fernand Léger, Guillaume Apollinaire and many others whose work returned home, helping Russian avant-garde artists to createNew working techniques.

Exterring herself was a follower of futurism.Or rather, its special Russian form, cubofuturism.She illustrated magazines for futurists, made of theater sets, sketches of dresses, pillows and even the uniform of the Red Army.But in 1924, she left for the Venice Biennial and never returned to her native country.

19.Semyon Faisovich

A true master of photo-realism, Faïbissovitch essentially immortalizesMoscow.His favorite themes are the least brilliant places in the city: a miteuse backyard, a vacant lot, stray dogs, a shop, immigrant workers, homeless people, passers-by.It is exactly these subjects that make it possible to grasp the elusive nature of time.Its paintings are sold more than 3,50,000 € in sales houses.

Read also: 13 realistic paintings that will help you understand the Russian soul

20.Nikolai Fechine

After rejecting the revolution, Fechine emigrated to the USA in 1923, where he lived happy for 30 years.It is for this reason that many of his works populate American museums or private collections around the world.

However, before leaving Russia, he managed to paint one of his most beautiful paintings, the portrait of the young Varia Adoratskaïa, often compared to the girl withValentin Serov Fisheries.

Fechine is today one of the most expensive Russian artists: in 2010, one of his paintings was sold for $ 11 million by theMacDougall’s house.

21.Pavel Fedotov

At the time of the Russian Empire, marriage rarely was done out of love.Society disapproved of the marriages of people belonging to different social classes, but many individuals considered them an excellent way to climb the social and financial scale.This is the subject of a painting by the great painter Fedotov.

This painting has, in her time, caused a stir: she represents a merchant who wishes to marry her daughter to a penniless officer;The husband will thus receive a dowry, while the merchant will establish direct links with the nobility.

22.Constantine Flavitski

Like many artists from the 19th century, Flavitski studied in Italy and is only known for a single master work.

His youthful paintings were then disqualified by criticism, treating them "of imitation of Brioullov", but despite these attacks, the artist managed to leave a trace in history.The story of Princess Tarakanova (just like her real name), who claimed to be the daughter of Empress Elizabeth, remains unknown.We just know that she died of tuberculosis, not drowned when a flood.Which was little matter finally, because this painting covered its creator with glory, which nevertheless died shortly after, also tuberculosis, which he had contracted in Italy.

23.Pavel Filonov

The avant-garde Filonov artist considered himself communist and always thought that the population needed art.He used the term "analytical art" to define his multidimensional images and never sold his works.This is what will cause his loss: during the siege of Leningrad, he did not leave his frozen attic because he watched his paintings.He has therefore developed pneumonia, which will lead to his death.

24.Gay nikolai

The representation of religious subjects by gay often went against the dominant canons, thus falling under the censorship of the church.However, he has always remained convinced that it was the best way to provoke emotions and give new lighting of a well -known scene.

Gay painted his famous Golgotha a year before his death."Yes, this painting will have turned me terribly," he wrote to his friend Léon Tolstoy.I found this definitive thing yesterday, which was necessary, that is to say this form, which is entirely alive.I found how to represent Christ and the two thieves together on Golgotha, without cross ... in a word ... Three living souls on a canvas.I cry while looking at the painting ".

25.Natalia Gontcharova

Gontcharova and her husband,Mikhail Larionov, were one of the pioneers of the avant-garde movement.From 1914, she worked with Diaghilev and the company of Russian seasons in Paris, where she remained until her death in 1962.

Today, his works are in the largest museum collections, especially at the TateModern in London and at the Center Pompidou in Paris.In 2010, the Christie’s auction house has Vendul’ one of its paintings for 9 million euros, making (at the time) the most expensive female artist in history.

26.Theophane Greek

A great painter of the era of rus ’(medieval Russia), Théophane Greek is the creator of one of the most holy objects of the Russian Orthodox Church: the icon of the Virgin of Don, considered miraculous.According to legend, she would have made her competition in the big battles.

27.Dmitri Goutov

Goutov is one of those artists who have found their own path.He revisited the reading of canonical objects, classical art, of the Russian language according to the idea that the essence of works must appear in just a few minutes.These most recognizable works are metal canvases where it represents a portrait of Rembrandt or old Russian icons.Faced with the board, the image is clear, but the image is distorted as soon as the observer takes a step aside.The idea here is that by moving, the visitor goes through all the artistic developments of the 20th century, from cubism to abstract, passing by expressionism.

The list of places where Goutov has exhibited is endless, but we can cite the Biennials of Venice and Sydney, the Documenta de Kassel and the Guggenheim.

28.Alexandre Ivanov

Ivanov was close to the emperor and is mainly known for his paintings inspired by biblical and mythological scenes.The Society of Russian artists even financed his trip to Italy "to perfection".

Ivanov only returned to Russia after having completed his mistress work on the representation of theMessiah, 20 years and 600 sketches later.The gigantic canvas was then bought and then brought to St. Petersburg by Emperor Alexander II.Driven of the dimensions of the work, a building was specially built to accommodate it.

29.Francisco Infante-Arana

Born in Russia in a Spanish family who had immigrated to the country for political reasons, Infante has quickly become the most famous representative of the Land Art and Kinetic Art.The artist names his "artefact" creations: he places mirrors and moving structures in a natural setting, allowing nature to occupy a preponderant place in the work.

Infante is often considered an heir to the tradition of the avant-garde, especially that ofMalevitch and Tatline.

30.Alexej von jawlensky

This expressionist artist was born and grew up in Russia, but he conquered his notoriety in Germany.A great admirer of Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne andMatisse, friend of Kandinsky, Jawlensky was close to the abstract without ever putting the two feet in it: he positioned himself somewhere between figurative art and abstract art.His biggest collection of canvases is in Wiesbaden.

31.Vassily Kandinsky

Inventor of the abstract, Kandinsky was also a pioneer of the avant-garde.WithMalevitch, Chagall, Gontcharova, Larionov and others, he was detached from the traditions of realistic painting.

Composition VII is the peak of its time prior to the First World War.Do you see the resurrection, the day of the last judgment, the flood and the Eden garden?This is what Kandinsky said he painted.

32.Ilia and Emilia Kabakov

Kabakovs are stars of unofficial Soviet art and the scene of modern art.Thanks to Ilia and Emilia,Moscow conceptualism has become the most famous Russian contemporary art movement in the world.The couple has lived in Long Island, New York, since the late 1980s and exhibited at theMuseum ofModern Art in NewYork, at the Center Pompidou, Paris, Tate de London and the Hermitage, in Saint-Petersburg.

In 2008, "the scarab" was sold at a record price of 3 million euros, thus becoming the most expensive work of Russian artists living.Since then, they have always stayed at the top!

33.Oreste Kiprensky

When Kiprensky finished the portrait of Alexandre Pouchkine, the latter wrote to him a poem saying: "From that day, the inhabitants of Rome, Dresden and Paris will not be without knowing my appearance".

The prophecy of the poet will prove to be just.Kiprensky, who was sometimes in the West compared to, even confused with, Rembrandt or Rubens, gave birth to one of the most famous representations of Pushkin in popular culture: it is today in these lines that the illustriouspoet is known in the world.

34.Ivan Kramskoï

We still do not know who can be this young girl painted by this theorist of the movement of "itinerants".Kramskoïa indeed decided to keep this secret for him and never revealed his identity, which has never been found either after his death, in the notes of his notebooks.This emblematic portrait of artistic history is sometimes nicknamed "The RussianMona Lisa".

35.Konstantine Korovine

Best representative of Russian Impressionism, Korovine has always been inspired by Paris and painted many of her most beautiful paintings there.No wonder, therefore, that he enjoyed incredible success in France.He was notably decorated with the Legion of Honor and received gold and silver medals for his works.

After the Russian Revolution, the artist decided to flee the land of Soviets, finding the laws of the new government too oppressive.In 1922, he obtained permission to leave, invoking a particular medical treatment and the holding of a personal exposure, but will no longer return.Unsurprisingly, he settled in the French capital.

36.Alexander Kosolapov

Coca-Cola is committed to destroy Kosolapov, who even drew the attention of the FBI, while some of his exhibitions were canceled in Russia and several of his works have been the subject of attacks in court.His working method is to combine and divert icons from society, such as this profile of Lenin and the famous brand logo.

Kosolapov's art is actually provocative, which does not prevent him from remaining a respected representative of the foolish art (Soviet pop art) whose works are disseminated in the best museums in the world.

37.Irina Korina

For Korina, who took part in the main Venice Biennale project in 2017, even the most insignificant details of everyday life, such asMoscow illuminations, funeral crowns and scaffolding protection nets, give material to think.The latest Korina solo exhibitions were held at the GRAD Foundation in London, the BrooklynMusic Academy and at the Steirischerherbst festival in Graz, Austria in Austria.

"The tail stirred from the comet", a three -story tower, appeared at theMoscow GarageMuseum, and brings together all the quotes from her career.

38.Piotr Kontchalovski

He is known as the main Russian Cézannist, the main impressionist and the most expensive Russian artist in a house.Despite the many loans from French artists, Kontchalovski has however found his own style, which Western art critics described as "slave".

The compatriots of Kontchalovski hated his work so much that they even refused to exhibit their works near his own.Which did not prevent him from being exposed to the Venice Biennial in 1924, where the USSR took part for the first time.Thirteen of his works were displayed at the Soviet pavilion.

39. Vitaly Komar & AlexandreMelamid

These "trolls" of official Soviet art created their own style within the SOTS Art movement, the equivalent of pop art, but Soviet.They have prepared pravda dumplings, the main propaganda newspaper of USSR, represented themselves in Lenin and Stalin, signed Soviet slogans with their names and placed Lenin with the emblem ofMcDonald’s in the background.

Their departure from the USSR did not prevent them from continuing in the same caustic line.Several artists will become their targets, including Andy Warhol (whom they treated as an idiot) and Gerhard Richter ("This is how an animal painted when you give it a brush").

Read also: Ilya Glazounov, the terrible child of modern Russian painting

40.Valery Koshlyakov

Koshlyakov's paintings have several peculiarities: they are almost all painted on textured cardboard and mostly represent urban landscapes which seem almost sliding on their support.Images of the past, ruins, Greek mythology, memory - these are the timeless themes that Koshlyakov assumes.

The artist currently lives in Paris and is in great demand;He exhibited at the Louvre, the Guggenheim and the Biennals of São Paulo and Venice.However, he likes to remember his first exhibition in provincial public toilets.

41.Gueli Korjev

Korjev was called himself the "old realistic socialist".Art criticisms have appointed him as "representative of the austere style".The art of Korjev goes beyond these two descriptions: enjoying a rather comfortable status to the union of artists of the USSR, it nevertheless managed to escape the political sphere to portray the subjects ofSensual, even surreal way.He was above all an artist who represented emotions and whose representation of war, revolution, monumental plans of Soviet constructions were just a backdrop.

42.Arkhip Kouïndji

It has often been accused of using deception, using hidden illuminations in your paintings.Conversely, his admirers called him the "Russian monet", for his fabulous work on colors.His "moonlight on the dniepr" caused a sensation.Especially since during its first exhibition, the painting was hung alone, without any other work around, a first in the history of Russian art.

The success was so dizzying that Kouïndjiest voluntarily left for exile for 30 years.Critics then no longer appreciated any of his works, something that the artist has long had trouble accepting.

43.Boris Koustodiev

Koustodiev has always been attracted by what could represent his country - the Samovars, the merchants in colorful dresses -, which distinguished him from the artists of his time.He is the only Russian artist to have won the gold medal at the Venice Biennale.

"Beauty" represents the woman of a merchant.The web has become its manifesto and testifies to its search for a unique style."Thin women do not stimulate creativity," it was heard.The artist painted other known, although paralyzed canvases, having undergone several operations of the spine.

44.Oleg Koulik

During his first performance entitled "Crazy dog", he appeared naked, on all fours and attacking passers -by in the street.His character became one of the symbols of the 1990s, and Koulik one of the firstMuscovite actionists.

Later, the artist has tried different styles and techniques, going from sculpture to painting, and continues to experience to date.You can see his work at the Center Pompidou and TateModern.

45.Mikhaïl Larionov

In order to explain the radiism, Larionov, which created this avant-garde artistic movement, said that "an individual does not perceive an object, but a set of rays from a light source and reflecting in saidobject".

Larionov has always hesitated between figurative art and abstract art and therefore left behind a protean heritage.Married to an "avant-garde Amazon",Natalia Gontcharova, unlike her, he has not created any major work during the last thirty years of his life in France.

46.ARISTARKH Lentoulov

Lentoulov has always proudly assumed his different styles: his work was influenced sometimes by the symbolists and the Impressionists, sometimes by the cubists and the abstractionists.On the other hand, there remains one of the first to have built his works around color rather than an object.

The bright colors of his canvases earned him the nickname "of the sun artist".Major in his career: on the anniversary of the October Revolution, he painted the trees and the lawn of the teatralnaïa square (near the Kremlin) of an aggressive violet.

47.El Lissitzky

Here's what a propaganda poster looks like when created by a supremacism artist, a modern art movement.The red triangle symbolizes the Bolshevik red army which crushes the imperialist white army.

El Lissitzky worked withMalevitch and both contributed to the development of the ideas of avant-garde art.It is thanks to the first that supremacy will extend to architecture.

48.Isaac Levitan

Levitan was a real lover of the Russian campaign and it was the representations of the latter who assured him a membership in the Academy of Fine Arts in Saint Petersburg.However, the artist had not always had the certainty of accessing this recognition: some Levitan teachers thought that a Jew should not paint Russian landscapes, because only Russian ethnically artists were able to achieve it.Thus, Levitan had to leave the capital because of his religious and ethnic affiliation.

But time will have done his work, and today it is widely admitted that the canvas "above eternal peace" is the most Russian of all paintings.

49.Dmitri Levitski

Master of the portrait, his talent was exercised in the 18th century where he will paint illustrious personalities, among whom we can quote Catherine II, the philosopher Denis Diderot or theMagnat of the Prokofi Unera.

Demidov would have certainly been an educated individual, however eccentric.For example he decided to buy all the hemp fiber from Saint Petersburg generally reserved for British to teach them a lesson, because one day visiting their country, the latter had demanded that he pay an exorbitant price for a commodity.And when he posed for this portrait, he did not put on his uniform and his decorations, but a dressing dress and a nightcap ...

50. KasimirMalevitch

Malevitch is the symbol of the Russian avant-garde and its "black square" stands out as the pictorial manifesto of supremacy.Malevitch thought that after supremacy, art would no longer be, and also suggested burn all the paintings, then expose their ashes in museums.Thing that will be realized, unfortunately, in part, during the first months of the Bolshevik Revolution.

51. FilippMalyavin

"It's hollow!"It is in these terms that the Academy of Arts of Saint Petersburg described the end-of-studies painting ofMalyavin, "laughter".However, the young graduate has not lost hope, and two years later he took his peasant peasant to Paris.The canvas caused a sensation at the universal exhibition: the artist was then decorated with the gold medal and his painting bought by the Italian government to be exhibited in a modern art gallery in Venice.

Needless to say, Russia has reserved a triumph inMalyavin when it comes back.So we quickly forgot the criticism of "laughter" and the prodigal child was able to join the academy.

52. VladMamychevMonroe

Expert in the art of embodying others, his whole life was only performance.Rare public representative of the travesty in Russia, VladMonroe explored the personalities of celebrities who have marked world history, pop culture.

During his short life (he died at 44), he adopted the features ofMarilynMonroe, Hitler, Jesus Christ, Lenin, Andy Warhol and Vladimir Putin.

53. ConstantinMakovski

At the end of the 19th century,Makovski was a painter of fashionable portraits and paintings and whose services were expensive.He also won a gold medal at the Paris Universal Exhibition.

Makovski devoted himself to the painting of touching and sentimental paintings on difficult country life.This girl fleeing the barefoot storm with her little brother is a scene thatMakovski observed during a getaway in the Russian province.

54. VeraMoukhina

One of the symbols of the Soviet era and monumental propaganda, the 24 -meter -high statue "the worker and the Kolkhozian" was created for the Universal Exhibition in Paris in 1937.The sculptor VeraMoukhina wanted to represent two naked silhouettes, however the party demanded that they be dressed.This requirement will not produce negative effects, the French have even expressed their desire to buy the statue, something that the Soviets refused.

VeraMoukhinaa honored state orders in 1920, but despite the many awards she received (four Stalin prizes), she never had to make sculptures from Lenin or Stalin.

55.Irina Nakhova

This conceptual artist is the author of the first "total installations" in Russian contemporary art.In the mid -1980s, she transformed until making a room in her apartment unrecognizable, thus becoming both the author of this work and a character living there.For several years, his apartment was therefore his playground.In 2015, Nakhovaa was the first female artist exhibited at the Russian Pavilion of the Venice Biennial.

56.Ernst Neïzvestny

Neïzvestny has created monumental works today visible in Russia, Ukraine, the United States, Egypt, Sweden and the Vatican.However, in the Soviet era, the sculptor was the victim of ostracism.In disagreement with the official artistic style - socialist realism - he was strongly criticized in the columns of the newspapers, will pretend to be tobacco in the street, then will have to attend several meetings with official representatives of the party.At the time, Nikita Khrushchev, the head of state, even spoke of "degenerate art".Strangely, when Khrushchev died, his family asked that his grave be the work of Neïzvestny: two blocks of marble, a black, a white, symbolizing the internal contradictions of the old leader.

His most famous sculpture is certainly the "mask of affliction", a 15 -meter -high piece located inMagadan and dedicated to the memory of the victims of political repression.More specifically, it is on the site of an old camp of the Stalinist era, where prisoners transited before being deported to the forced work camps of Kolyma.

57.Vladimir Nemoukhine

Nemoukhine is one of the worthy representatives of Soviet non-conformist art.He was returned from his art institute because of an overly radical discourse, then he was officially banished, despite displayed support for the population at the Dégel du era Khroutchévienne.

In 1956, Nemoukhine metOscar Rabin and affiliated to the Lianozovo collective.Long its distinctive sign and signature were the game cards.They are omnipresent in his work: a card alone, a pair, or any other combination, testifying to the uncertainty of the future.

58.Mikhaïl Nesterov

Religious artist, he created the image of a "Russian Christ" through Serge de Radonej, an ascetic and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church.One of the artist's painting cycles is entirely devoted to this man, his favorite canvas having always been "the vision of the young Bartholomée".

And yet, Nesterov, rarely satisfied with the result of his paintings, often destroyed them, and managed to damage this canvas: he came across her when he repeated the young man's face for the hundredth time.

59.Timour Novikov

Novikov is the founder of a major contemporary art movement in the 1980s: new artists.One day, he exhibited a plywood panel with a hole, calling him "Zero Object".Novikov is best known for his work on fabric.

We recognize him to continue the work of the Russian avant-garde, with new realities and new materials.At the end of the 1990s, he exhibited at the Tate of Liverpool, the Amsterdam stedelijk, as well as in museums and galleries of Berlin, Hamburg, Paris, Newyork,Moscow and Saint Petersburg.

Read also: VladimirMakovski, first Democrat in Russian painting

60.Boris Orlov

A great classic of SOTS ART.Orlov's work explores the imperial style from all its seams ... It represents various cultures of this or that era of history, but the canvases always have the same subject: the patriarchal system and domination.

Orlov likes to work with military accessories: "Because the face of an empire is often military.And even a civilian must carry the uniform ".

61.Anatoli Osmolovski

Osmolovski is a militant artist, whose performances, poems, conferences and fights against certain artistic movements made noise in the 1990s.For example, he brought a refrigerator to the red square with a bust of Lenin inside, composed an obscene word with the body of his comrades, smoked a cigarette on the shoulder of a statue ofMayakovski, andorganized many other events.

In 1998, Osmolovski and 300 activists raised barricades for three hours on Bolchaïa Nikitskaïa Street, who led to Kremlin, action dedicated to 1968 events in France.Seven of the activists were ordered to pay fines.

62.Vassili Perov

Perov's canvases caused inflamed debates among his contemporaries.The artist painted scenes of a difficult ordinary life for little people."Troika" depicts children brought from the countryside to the city to work, certainly his most beautiful work on the subject.

63.Youri Pimenov

Pimenov was a loyal supporter of the artistic policy of the Communist Party.At the dark era of Stalinist purges, he represented idyllic scenes from the daily life of Soviet citizens and glorified the workers.

"The newMoscow" is one of the best examples of Soviet realism: a woman, symbol of the new era, led to the booming city.No one doubts that his destination is none other than a radiant and promising future.

64.Pavel Pepperstein

Pepperstein bathed from birth in the circle ofMoscow Conceptualists, his father being the famousViktor Pivovarov.His creativity was therefore stimulated from an early age.Today, Pepperstein is one of the most prolific Russian artists and has also written several works.

His work allows him to create fictitious worlds and his own mythology, which makes him particularly popular with intellectuals.

65.Kouzma Petrov-Vodkine

He was the son of a bottier who wanted to paint icons.Although he himself did not necessarily want to turn to religious painting, he is famous for painting theMessiah as a young man on his red horse.Created a few years before the Revolution, this painting is considered to be prophetic of upcoming events and can be read in multiple ways.According to a theory, the horse would represent Russia awaiting its red destiny in the 20th century.

66.Dmitri Prigov

Prigov followed a sculpture training and it was in this way that he has earned his life during the Soviet era, before all his creative capacities allow him to become a "monument" of Russian art.In the 1970s, he became a poet and his recitals turned into real performance.Its "preserves" contain a word or whole poems and resemble the preserves of "artist shit" by PieroManzoni.Indeed, Prigov believed that his poems were nothing more than bodily secretions.

With Perestroika, Prigov turned away from the performance of poetry towards conceptual art: he made graphic art, installations, collages, at the crossroads of ideas and words, "deciphering the genome of culture»And the new symbols.

67.Vassili Polenov

A great artist of religious painting, Polenov wanted to create something as ambitious as "the appearance of Christ to the people" of Ivanov.To this end, he went for a one -year trip, passing by Constantinople, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, from where he will bring back the first drafts of his greatest canvas "Christ and theSinner ".From the idea of the painting to the realization of this scene from the Gospel according to Jean, 15 years have passed.

68.Lioubov Popova

Despite a premature death due to scarlatin (she died at 35 with her son), this artist was, during her short life, was a futuristic, the pupil ofMalevitch, a follower of cubism and aconstructivist who, as such, has drawn the working outfits of the revolutionary professions.

69.Viktor Pivovarov

Unlike his colleagues, this great figure ofMoscow conceptualism has largely dedicated his work to "the secret life of the human soul".In the words of the artist's son,Pavel Pepperstein, "all his life, Pivovarov painted the room of the soul" where even the view from the window becomes an integral part of the room.

Pivovarov's main "invention" is the kind of conceptual album.It is through this that he created one of his biggest projects: "Projects for a single man", painting the routine of everyday, dreams, the interior, and even the sky of an extremely alone hero.It turns out that a hell of a number of visitors have recognized themselves in this daily routine.

70.Vassili Poukirev

"Vassili Poukirev has left contemporary artists and her students an imperishable memory, and in the history of Russian art, an indelible trace, although short".Because indeed, Poukirev, like many other painters, has only bequeathed one masterpiece.

His canvas "Union badly matched" propelled him to the rank of the best gender painters of the half of the 19th century.

71.Collective of "recycle" artists

The artist collective made up of Andreï Blokhine and Gueorgui Kouznetsov, from Krasnodar, began his activities in 2008.He has already exhibited the Venice Biennale three times: both total installations and multimedia projects in augmented reality.All their treatment works, in one way or another, from the lives of individuals to the Internet era and other technological gadgets.

"Conversion" is a superstructure, with sculptures, bas-reliefs representing "neo-apostles", it is the place of production of a new religion, "the globalized network".

72.Oscar Rabin

Rabin is the leader of non-conformism, unofficial Soviet art of the years 1960-1970.Baraquements, discharges, vodka bottles, crumpled newspapers depict the hidden, the least brilliant face of Soviet reality.

The artist always said that he himself embodied all these garbage: "all my life I painted only one painting: my portrait with the country as a background".

73.Nicolas Roerich

Philosopher, traveler, orientalist artist with a completely unique style, Roerich left behind more than 7000 canvases and drawings, many of which are kept in the biggest museums in the world.He spent his life traveling, inspired by his expeditions to Himalayas, India or Central Asia to draw his subjects.

The painting "Overseas guests" was painted in Paris and illustrates the medieval rus trips.

74.Ilia Repin

Ilia Répin was wonderfully represented the sufferings of 19th century individuals.The difficult life of hackers and revolutionaries, scenes from daily life of popular classes, processions.All these subjects made the artist a figurehead of Russian realism and a painter in social history.However, its most controversial canvas represents an event from another era.

The story of Ivan the terrible killing his own son is so controversial (historians still do not agree with the veracity of this fact), that his masterpiece has constantly been attacked.The last attack on him took place in 2018, when a vandal partially damaged the canvas.

75.Fiodor Rokotov

Rokotov was a portrait painter who enjoyed the Pétersbourgeoise nobility of the 18th century, and Alexandra Strouïskaïa, one of her models, was one of the most beautiful women of the century.

The artist was so asked that he could have nearly fifty canvases in progress in his apartment.In 1763, he painted the coronation of Catherine II.

76.Alexandre Rodtchenko

The constructivist and avant-garde Rodchenko, father of Soviet advertising and design, enthusiastically welcomed the Bolshevik Revolution.

His poster for Lenguiz, the official publishing house in the Soviet era, is a wonderful example of avant-garde advertising, a compilation of geometric shapes and bright colors.In the center, a photo of Lilia Brik, "theMuse of the Russian avant-garde".

77.Olga Rozanova

In the history of the Russian avant-garde, his "green line" is no less important than the "black square" ofMalevitch.However, this artist and her work remained in the shadow of the largest supremation, then were completely forgotten before being rediscovered in the 1970s.

Rozanova even went even further thanMalevitch: she not only put color on a shape, but she also resolved the dilemma of the background.Its line is more like a projection than a form that would have been drawn directly on the canvas and the line seems to go beyond the framework.This is the first time that this effect has been produced in abstract painting.

78.Andreï Roublev

The most famous religious painter in Russian history, Andrei Roublev, has created the standard of icon painting.In the 16th century, icons painters were encouraged to be inspired by his work.His "Trinity" has become the spiritual symbol of Russian art.

We do not know about it about the artist himself.He was a monk and dedicated his whole life to God and painting.In 1988, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized him.

79.Eidan Salakhova

We often describe the art of Salakhova as "feminist" and "political" because it explores the East and the West, the masculine and the feminine, in an explosive combination of sex and Islam.Phallic minarets in marble, Kaaba Noir in the shape of a vulva made it famous and recognizable all over the world.

In 2011, at the Biennale de Venice, her work "intercession", a woman sculpture in niqab, had to be covered with a white sheet after the president of Azerbaijan ("intercession" was shown at the Azerbaijani pavilion)tried to censor it.The height of the height: a sculpture covered with a veil because the president did not like to see a veiled woman ...

Read also: "Invisible painting":Vladimir Weisberg, RussianMorandi

80.Zinaida Serebriakova

In view of the status of this canvas in popular culture, this self -portrait has become the major work of Serebriakova.His spontaneity and franchise make it the quintessence of femininity.

When the portrait has been shown to the public for the first time, the Valentine Serov artist said: "Very pretty and quite refreshing".The canvas was bought directly by the Tretiakov gallery.

81.Valentin Serov

For the Russian elite, it has always been an honor to pose for this master psychological portraits, the Russian impressionistValentin Serov.He painted a number of composers, writers, imperial family members and Russian princes.

However, his most famous canvas remains the portrait of a twelve -year -old girl, VeraMamontova.She was the daughter of a wealthy entrepreneur and philanthrope, SavvaMamontov, but later, Serov withdrew the name of the girl from the title of the work, considering that he had not painted the daughter of a famous person, but the youth, quite simply.

82.Henryk Siemiradzki

For almost thirty years, Siemiradzki lived in Rome.He acquired the reputation of a worthy representative of late European academism, a fame that he will not obtain until late and not with everyone.The artist was only interested in the myths of the old world, in his festivities and orgies, which is why he will be strongly criticized back home.Indeed, the itinerants were already on the front of the stage and painted very other subjects: peasants, deprived orphans and other elements of "real life".

The most influential art critic of his time, Vladimir Stassov, considered Siemiradzki as a painter of hopeless classicism, "fell into the trap of all Italian clichés".Ilia Répin called him "charlatan", and collector Tretiakov simply refused to buy his works.However, Russian Tsars have always remained faithful to academism and Alexander III bought this table.

83.Alexei Savrassov

Painter of lyrical landscapes, Savrassov quickly won his letters of nobility.At 24, he was already a member of the Arts Academy.Nevertheless, at the son of the generations, we remembered this realistic artist for a single canvas: none of his landscapes equivalent to his "fuals are back".All Russian schoolchildren know this table, because for the most part, they had to write a composition on the subject.

84.Ivan Chichkine

If you look at a painting representing a magnificent forest or pine fields on the side of the road, be sure that this is a chichkin.According to the Panrusse of Public Opinion Center (VTSIOM) he is the most recognizable artist in the country.

Its fame is actually partially partially due to the packaging ofMichka Kossolapy chocolates (Pataud bear), adorned with a fragment of this painting.He paints likely groves, meadows and fields, both in terms of quantity and quality.Chichkine has never ruled out from the theme of the forest.

85.Sylvestre Chtchedrine

Many Russian artists of the 19th century visitedMecca of art in Europe, Italy, but few have installed their workshop there.The painter of landscapes Chtchedrine spent almost all his life painting Italian beauty, especially that of Naples.It was there that he died too, before reaching 40 years old.He painted "sorrente" four years before his death.

86.Léonid Sokov

Representative of foolish art and, as he personally invented it, "folk pop art", Sokov painted for 30 years the myths, images and symbols of Russian culture, juxtaposing them with elements of contemporary Western civilization.

The artist and sculptor left the USSR for the United States, so as not to yield to the pressure of a totalitarian system which dictated to the smallest detail the work of the artists: "In what hand Lenin must he hold"His hat, what length should the pants of this pioneer, and what is the pivot foot of KarlMarx, "he said.

87.Vassili Sourikov

Sourikov has made a name for himself by painting various tragic events in the history of Russia.For example, "La BoyarineMorozova" recounts the fierce struggle against the old believers (Orthodox refusing religious reforms of the 17th century and living therefore according to the ancient rites):Morozova sent to a convent at the time of schism.

88.Vladimir Tatline

Although the monument on the third international, or a tatline tower, has never been built, it has become the artist's most emblematic creation and the trademark of constructivism around the world.

Tatline drew this tower, symbol of the 1917 revolution, so that it was erected in Leningrad, today Saint Petersburg.Nevertheless, towards the late 1920s, the high Soviet authorities lost their interest in avant-garde artists and arrested to hire them.The tower will never see the day.

89.Oleg TSELKOV

During his career, this non-conformist artist almost always painted the same character, an image of a distorted human, a mutant."This is not the portrait of a particular person, but a universal portrait ... Terribly familiar," explains Tselkov.I accidentally removed the mask that humanity was wearing, that's what it looks like ".

The Soviet government was not particularly a fan of this "hidden face of humanity".In 1977, Tselkova was thanked, he was asked to leave the country, then he settled in France.It was only in 2015 that he recovered a Russian passport.

90.Pavel tchelitchev

The father of mystical surrealism was born in Russia, but spent almost all his life in Europe and the United States, where he has developed his famous anthropomorphic landscapes.Due to a resemblance in style, it is often described as the "Russian dali", except that Tchetchev is the first to have integrated elements of mystical surrealism into his work, to be precise, nine years before Dali n 'the same.

Today, his paintings can be seen in the biggest museums and collections in Europe, while in Russia there is only one canvas of Tchelitchev, at the Tretiakov gallery."Phenomena" was discreetly brought to Russia by a friend of the artist, the choreographer Lincoln Kirstein.He gave it to the Tretiakov gallery, but until the mid -1990s, she remained in the museum reserve.

91.Simon Ouchakov

The Romanovs acceded to the throne in 1613.The dynasty then reigned over the country for several centuries, but at the beginning, it had to establish its legitimacy.A painting will play an essential role in the foundation of the latter: a family tree of the royal family created by the painter of icons Ouchakov.Art criticisms described this work as the first and the best justification for the novelov declaration that they would derive their status from the divine.

The Romanov then made Ouchakov the painter of chief icons of the Empire and covered him with praise until his death.

92.Viktor Vasnetsov

Vasnetsov has tried in different styles, paints of church frescoes (like that at the Saint-Sauveur-sur-le-Sang-Versé cathedral in Saint Petersburg) at the Art-Nouveau ironwork.However, for most Russians, it is associated with fairy tales characters.In the popular imagination, these characters really look like those that Vasnetsov painted.

The painting "Bogatyrs", which represents the Slavic Superheroes Dobrinia Nikititch, IliaMouromets and Aliocha Popovitch, was completed after 20 years of work.

93.Alexei Venetsianov

Venetsianov is one of the first artists to have painted scenes from the life of little people.He will also be the first to embark on "The scenes of peasant style".However, he was not really interested in the practical details of the daily life of the popular classes.

His paintings speak more of space, freedom and immensity.Many consider "harvest in summer" as the best incarnation of the Russian landscape par excellence.

94.Vassili Verechtchaguine

Painter of war scenes, verechtchaguine generally entered what he saw with his own eyes.He attended many wars and traveled from India to Syria.He himself organized his exhibitions in NewYork and London, presenting his works there as well as the trophies brought from the front.

"The Apotheosis of War" is an exception insofar as it is a scene out of his imagination.On the frame, the artist engraved: "dedicated to all the past conquerors, present and future".

95.Mikhaïl Vroubel

Vroubel is essentially associated with the image of the demon that he painted obsessively.The image of a fallen angel suffering from a demonic nature is inspired by a poem of the same name ofMikhail Lermontov.Vroubel made 30 sketches for this painting.

Vroubel admitted to having seen the demon in dreams.This acute psychosis, the artist sank there at the end of his life.Combined with an obsession with a single image, his contemporaries quickly concluded that Vroubel's addiction to demonism had made it crazy.

96.Vladimir Weisberg

Weisberg is apart in Russian art: it did not seem to be official art or non-conformists.His trademark was "invisible painting", where his paintings seem to have been painted on a white background.

In reality, however, it has only very rarely used white pigment.These paintings are a complex combination of microparticlesmulticolores."A painting becomes white when every color is in its place," he said.

97.Vladimir Yankilevski

Pioneer ofMuscovite and eternal lonely unofficial art, Yankilevski has never found his place in any association of artists, always away from the tumult.Most did not understand his existential work: his whole life he painted on the metaphysical theme of "human in the face of eternity".

The idea of individuals in boxes was inspired by existentialism.These "existentialist boxes" have become a metaphor for people whose aspirations and dreams have always been subject to pressure from the social environment.It must be said that life in the USSR inevitably led to this perception of reality.

98.Vadim Zakharov

During the 1970s, Zakharov joined the circle ofMoscow conceptualists, starting with absurd performance and then heading for painting."Between 1985 and 1989, I enormously gave myself up to monumental painting, after nothing apart from some monumental coal canvases.The return to oil painting in small format is a real torture for me, "he said.In 1989, he moved to Cologne, where a new creation cycle began, the facilities.

His project "Danaé" caused a sensation at the Biennale de Venice.Barely an hour after the opening, a long line had already formed in front of the Russian pavilion to see this myth of ancient Greece materialize in a rain of gold coins on which we could read the words "confidence", "Freedom", "love" and "unity".The pieces were thrown from a passageway where only men were accepted to "a uterus" where the only women were.

99.Konstantin zvezdotchiotov

He's the king of Russian kitsch!Zvezdotchiotov was part of the first generation of Soviet artists to have arrived on the international artistic scene and to be known as the generation of contemporary Russian art.

In the past, he has been offended that the label of "artist" is sticked.He said, "I am someone who performs moments of life ... I make compilations".

100.Anatoli Zverev

We often talk about him like the "Russian van Gogh".Robert Falk said to him: "None of these brushstrokes are to be thrown", while Picasso was inspired by it.Professional decorator, Zverev arrived on the artistic scene in the late 1950s, and in 1965, his first exhibition on the international scene took place at LaMotte in Paris, although the artist himself has never hadset abroad.

The Soviet system did not particularly like Zverev.The police were looking for him for "parasitism" (an offense, in the Soviet era), because he lived only for his art as well as for his only love and Muse, the widow of the poet Nikolai Asseïev, Xenia Asseïeva, 39 years old.

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