Why is water said to be "hard"?
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Water hardness scale, expressed in French degrees (°f). © Bionet CC by-sa 3.0
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The hardness of water reflects its concentration of dissolved minerals, more specifically calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions. The higher this concentration, the harder the water is said to be.
The hardness of water is due to its passage through the subsoil where, in contact with rocks such as limestone, it has dissolved certain minerals.
This hardness is expressed in French degrees (°f) which is equivalent to 4 milligrams of calcium ions or 2.4 milligrams of magnesium ions. We consider that water is hard from 25°f.
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Associated definition
What does "limestone" mean?
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